Peyvên biyanî di tirkî de

“Hin caran parçeyek ji peyvê ji zimanekî ye û parçeya din ji zimanekî din e, hingê ew bi ”-” ji hev hatine cudakirin, bo nimûne: cüz-dan ji erebî-îranî (tê wê maneyê ku ”cüz” ji erebî û ”dan” ji îranî ye).”

Husein Muhammed

 

Kurtegotinek

Di qonaxa avakirina ferhengeke etîmolojî ya zimanê kurdî de gelek caran hatime rexnekirin ku “hemû peyvên kurdî wek biyanî” diyar dikim. Ev ne rast e lê rast e ku piraniya peyvên kurdî – wek yên her zimanekî din jî – ji zimanên din hatine. Piraniya peyvên hemû zimanan bi eslê xwe ne ji wî zimanî ne.

Bo diyarkirina vê rastiyê, ez ê ferhengokeke etîmolojî ya peyvên tirkî bikim. Herwiha bi heman awayî min ferhengokeke etîmolojî ya peyvên erebî jî amade kiriye. Bi vê dixwazim bidim diyarkirin ku di her zimanî de peyvên biyanî hene û gelek in.

Di vê lîsteya xwe ya kurt de tenê hin peyvên tirkî yên ji zimanên din wergirtî pêşkêş dikim. Mebesta min ne ew e ku lîsteyeke temam pêşkêş bikim: peyvên biyanî yên di tirkî de ne tenê ev in. Lê ev wek nimûne hatine diyarkirin. Giranî li ser peyvên ji zimanên îranî ye ji ber ku yên erebî û ewropî tên zanîn ku di tirkî de biyanî ne lê yên îranî bi qasî ku hewce ye nayên zanîn.

Min bi piranî peyvên wisa bijartine ku piraniya xwendevanan texmîn dikin ku bi eslê xwe tirkî ne. Min peyvên ku her kes dizane bi eslê xwe erebî yan jî ewropî ne (wek bank, radyo, muzîk, televizyon, Internet…), min li derveyî vê lîsteyê hiştine.

Li çepê peyva tirkî hatiye diyarkirin, li navê zimanê ku jê hatiye û li rastê jî maneya peyvê bi kurdî. Peyva “îranî” di beşa “Ji” de tê wê maneyê ku ew peyv ji zimanekî îranî (kurdî, farisî, pehlewî, hexamenişî, avestayî…) hatiye wergirtin. Di gelek ferhengan de li cihê “îranî” peyva “farisî” tê danîn. Ev di rewşa hin peyvan de rast e lê ne di hemûyan de. Gelek caran ne mimkin e mirov bê guman bizane ka peyv ji kîjan zimanê îranî hatiye wergirtin. Loma min peyva ”îranî” çêtir dît.

Carinan ji yekê zêdetir alternatîv hene ku peyv ji kîjan zimanî ye, hingê ew bo nimûne wiha hatiye diyarkirin: asker ji latînî yan îranî. Carinan jî tirkî ew peyv ji zimanekî din wergirtiye lê wî zimanî bi xwe jî ji zimanekî din wergirtiye. Hingê ew bo nimûne wiha hatiye diyarkirin: adam ji erebî ji îbranî.

Hin caran parçeyek ji peyvê ji zimanekî ye û parçeya din ji zimanekî din e, hingê ew bi ”-” ji hev hatine cudakirin, bo nimûne: cüz-dan ji erebî-îranî (tê wê maneyê ku ”cüz” ji erebî û ”dan” ji îranî ye). Carinan parçeyek ji peyvê ji tirkî ye lê parçeyeke din ji zimanekî din e. Hingê parçeya ji tirkî di kevanê (…) de ye, bo nimûne: çaydan(lık) ji îranî tê wê maneyê ku ” çaydan” ji îranî ye lê ”lık” ji tirkî bi xwe ye. (Türk)iye ji erebî diyar dike ku peyva ”Türk” ji tirkî ye lê ”iye” ji erebî ye.

Eger ji wergera kurdî diyar nebe ku peyva tirkî ji îranî ye, hingê li beşa ”Ji” de serekaniya yan hevreha wê peyvê hatiye diyarkirin. Bo nimûne damat ji îranî (F: damad = zava).

 

 

Kurtkirin

Ak = akadî

Ar = aramî

Av = avestayî

E = erebî

F = farisî

K = kurmancî

P = pehlewî

S = soranî

Sûm = sûmerî

Z = zazakî

Tirkî                                                      Ji                                                     Wate

 

A

aba                                                   erebî ji aramî                                eba

adam                                               erebî ji îbranî                                mêr, zelam, zilam

ağustos                                          yûnanî ji latînî                              tebax, meha 8em

ahır                                                  îranî                                                 axur, gov

akıl                                                   erebî                                               hiş, aqil

alıç                                                    îranî                                                 herûk, hilûk

ambar                                             îranî                                                 embar

Anadolu                                         yûnanî                                            Anadol

Ankara                                            yûnanî                                            Enqere

aptal                                                erebî                                               bêhiş, dîn, bêaqil (evdal)

armut                                              îranî (F: emrûd)                           hirmî, hirmîk

asker                                               latînî yan jî erebî ji îranî (ji l-eşker) esker, leşker

aşk                                                   erebî                                               evîn, eşq

ateş                                                 îranî (F: ateş, Av: atexş)           agir

ayna                                                îranî                                                 eynik, eyne, awêne, neyknik, mirêk, qotîk

azar                                                  îranî                                                 azar, ezyet

 

B

bacak                                              îranî (F: paçê   )                           ling

badem                                            îranî (F: badam)                          bahîv, behîv

bağ                                                   îranî                                                 bax, baxçe, rez

bağış                                                îranî                                                 bexş

bahane                                           îranî                                                 bihane, hêcet

bahar                                              îranî                                                 bihar

baharat                                          erebî                                               biharat

bahçe                                              îranî                                                 baxçe

bakkal                                             erebî                                               beqal, dikandar

bay                                                   îranî (beg)                                     mêr, zelam

bayan                                              îranî (beg)                                     xanim, jin

bayram                                           îranî (P: pethram = cejn)         cejn, şahî

bazı                                                  erebî                                               hin, hinek, hindek

bedava                                           îranî (F: bad-aver= bayî înayî/aniyî) belaş, bê pare

bela                                                 erebî                                               bela

belkî                                                îranî                                                 belkî

bey                                                  îranî (beg)                                     beg; birêz

bina                                                 erebî                                               avahî

borç                                                 îranî (sogdî: purç)                       deyn, qerz

börek                                              îranî (F: bûrek)                            borek, kade

bulgur                                             îranî (F: berğol / borğol)          savar

bülbül                                             erebî                                               bilbil

Bülent                                             îranî                                                 Bilind, navekî mêran e

 

C

cacık                                                îranî (K: jajî)                                  xiyarmast

cadde                                              erebî ji îranî (Av: yatim)           cade

cam                                                  îranî                                                 cam, şûşe

can                                                   îranî                                                 can, giyan, derûn, ruh

cep                                                   erebî                                               berîk, cêb

cevap                                              erebî                                               bersiv, cewab, cab

ceviz                                                erebî ji îranî (P: gewz)              gûz

ciğer                                                îranî                                                 ceger, ciger

cilt                                                    erebî                                               cild, berg

cop                                                   îranî                                                 çîv, şiv, çov

coş                                                   îranî                                                 coş, zewq

cömert                                           îranî                                                 camêr, ciwanmêr

cuma                                               erebî                                               în, înî, cum’e

cüce                                                 îranî                                                 çûçelk, çûk, çûçik, çivîk

cüz-dan                                          erebî-îranî                                     cizdan(k), çizdan(k)

 

Ç

çabuk                                              îranî (F: çabûk)                            beza, bilez

çadir                                                îranî                                                 çadir, kûn, xîvet

çamaşır                                           îranî (F: came = cil, şûr-=şo-/ şûştin) cilên rêvin / qirêjî

çanta                                               îranî                                                 çante, çente

çare                                                 îranî                                                 çare, hel

çarşamba                                       îranî                                                 çarşem(b)

çarşaf                                              îranî (çar=çadir/perde, şef=şev) çarşev

çarşı                                                 îranî (çar = 4, sû/sûk=rê)         bazar, çarşî, sûk

çay                                                   îranî ji çînî                                      çay, ça

çaydan(lık)                                    îranî                                                 çaydank

çayhane                                         îranî                                                 çayxane

çekiç                                                îranî                                                 çekûç

çember                                          îranî                                                 çember

çeper                                              îranî                                                 çeper

çift                                                    îranî (F: coft)                                cot

çimento                                         îtalî                                                   çîmento, seb, gêç

çirkin                                               îranî (F: çirkîn)                              kirêt, kirh, pîs

çınar                                                îranî                                                 çinar (dar)

çoban                                              îranî (F: çûban)                            şivan

çorap                                               îranî / erebî                                   gore

çorba                                               îranî                                                 şorbe

çünkü                                              îranî                                                 çunkî, ji ber ku

 

D

daima                                              erebî                                               herdem (daîm, daîmen)

damat                                             îranî (F: damad)                          zava

davet                                              erebî                                               vexwandin, de’wet

derbeder                                       îranî                                                 derbider

dere                                                îranî (F: derê)                               gelî, newal, nihal, dol

der-hal                                           îranî-erebî (F: di … de E: hal)  di cih de, bi lez, tavilê

ders                                                 erebî                                               ders, xwandin

ders-hane                                     erebî-îranî                                     dersxane, odeya dersê

dert                                                 îranî                                                 derd

derviş                                              îranî                                                 derwêş

destan                                            îranî                                                 dastan, destan

destek                                            îranî (destik)                                 destek

dev                                                  îranî                                                 dêw

devam                                            erebî                                               dewam

devlet                                             erebî ji aramî                                dewlet

diğer                                                îranî (F: dîger K: dîtir)                din, dî, dîtir

dilber                                              îranî                                                 dilber

divan                                               îranî                                                 dîwan

dolap                                               îranî ji aramî ji akadî                   dolab

domates                                        spanî                                               bacansork, firingî

dost                                                 îranî                                                 dost, heval

dua                                                  erebî                                               dua, lava

duvar                                              îranî                                                 dîwar

dürüst                                             îranî                                                 durist

düşman                                          îranî                                                 dijmin, dujmin

 

E

efsane                                            îranî                                                 efsane

eğer                                                 îranî                                                 eger, heke

elbise                                              erebî                                               cil, libas

emlak                                              erebî                                               milk, erd (pirrjimar)

encümen                                       îranî                                                 encumen, meclis

engel                                               îranî (F: engel)                                                          asteng, rêgirî

enginar                                           yûnanî                                            kengir, kereng

erik                                                  îranî                                                 herûk, hilûk

esir                                                   erebî                                               girtî, êxsîr, dîl

eylül                                                erebî ji aramî ji akadî                 îlon, eylûl, meha 9em

ezber                                              îranî (F: ez ber)                            ji ber (ji bîra xwe ve)

 

F

fakir                                                 erebî                                               feqîr, jar, belengaz, perîşan

fener                                               yûnanî                                            fener, fanos

fincan                                              erebî ji îranî                                  fincan, kûp

fişek                                                îranî                                                 fîşek, gulle, telqe

 

 

 

G

gazete                                            îtalî                                                   rojname

gül                                                    îranî                                                 gul

günah                                             îranî                                                 guneh

 

H

hafta                                               îranî                                                 hefte, heftî (heyama 7 rojan)

hasta                                               îranî (F: xeste)                                                          nesax, nexweş, xeste

hava                                                îranî                                                 hewa

hayat                                               erebî                                               jiyan (heyat)

hayır (1)                                         erebî (xeyr: xêr)                         nexêr, na, ne

hayır (2)                                         erebî                                               xêr

hayvan                                           erebî                                               heywan

hazine                                             erebî                                               xezîne, gencîne

haziran                                           erebî                                               xezîran, hezîran, pûşber, meha 6em

hem … hem …                              îranî                                                 hem … hem …, … jî û … jî

hemen                                           îranî (heman dem)                    di cih de, bi lez, hemen

hemşe(h)ri                                   îranî                                                 hemşe(h)rî, kesên ji eynî bajarî

hemşîre                                         îranî (F: hemşîre=hevşîr, xwişk) hemşîre

henüz                                             îranî (F: henûz)                            hê, hê jî, hîna, hîna jî, hêşta

her                                                   îranî                                                 her (hemû)

herkes                                            îranî                                                 her kes

hır(sız)                                            erebî (xeyr: xêr)                         diz (“bêxêr”)

hıyar                                                îranî                                                 xiyar

hiç                                                    îranî                                                 hîç, qet

hoca                                                îranî (F: x[v]acê)                         xoce, birêz, hêja, seyda, mela

hoş                                                   îranî                                                 xweş

hükümet                                       erebî                                               hikûmet

 

İ

ihtiyar                                             erebî                                               pîr, ixtiyar

ilaç                                                    erebî                                               derman

incîr                                                  îranî (F: encîr)                              hejîr, hêjîr

insan                                               erebî                                               mirov, meriv, insan

inşaat                                              erebî                                               avakirin

isim                                                  erebî                                               nav (ism)

İstanbul                                          yûnanî ([Kon]stantînopolis)   Stembol, Stenbol

işaret                                               erebî                                               îşaret

işkence                                           îranî                                                 şkence (têkilî “şkandin“ê)

 

K

kadın                                               îranî (xatûn)                                 jin

kalem                                              erebî ji yûnanî                             qelem, pênûs

kalp                                                  erebî                                               dil (qelb)

kanepe                                           fransî                                               qenepe, sofa

kasım                                              erebî                                               meha 11em

kayıt                                                erebî                                               qeyd, tomar, sicil

kedi                                                 îranî                                                 kitik, pisîk, pişîk

kelime                                            erebî                                               peyv, gotin, kelîme

kemer                                             îranî                                                 kemer

kenar                                              îranî                                                 kinar, rex, qirax

kenger                                            îranî                                                 kengir, kereng

kent                                                 îranî (sekayî: kentha)                bajar

kere                                                 erebî                                               car

kervan                                            îranî ji akadî                                  karwan

kırmızı                                             îranî ji sanskrîtî                            sor

ki                                                       îranî                                                 ku (peyvika bihevvegirêdana hevokan)

kiler                                                 yûnanî ji latînî                              bindav, bodrûm, embar

kilit                                                   îranî ji yûnanî                               kilîl, kilîd

kin                                                    îranî                                                 kîn, kerb

kitap                                                erebî                                               kitêb, pirtûk

koca                                                 îranî (binere ”hoca” li jortir)   mêr, zelam, zilam

köfte                                               îranî (F: kûfte=kutayî)              kutilk, kifte

köse                                                îranî                                                 kose, bêrih yan kêmrih

köşk                                                 îranî                                                 koşk, seray, qesr, dîwan

köşe                                                îranî                                                 goşe, kujî

kürsü                                               E ji Ar ji Ak ji Sûm                        kursî

 

L

lahana                                             yûnanî                                            kelemî

lale                                                   îranî                                                 lale, alale

lehçe                                               erebî                                               lehce, zarava, devok

leke                                                 îranî                                                 leke, teqme, lewt

leş                                                    îranî                                                 leş, laş

leşker                                              îranî                                                 leşker, esker, sipa, serbaz

limon                                               îranî ji sanskrîtî                            lîmon, leymûn

 

 

M

maalesef                                       erebî                                               mixabin, heyf e ku

madde                                            erebî ji îranî                                  made, madde

mal, maliyet                                 erebî                                               maliyet, mal, saman

marangoz                                      yûnanî                                            necar, dartiraş

mart                                                yûnanî ji latînî                              adar, meha 3yem

masa                                               latînî                                                mase, mêze

mavi                                                erebî (mawî: avî)                        şîn (reng)

maydanoz                                     erebî ji yûnanî                             kerefs, mexdenoz, bexdenoz

mayıs                                              yûnanî ji latînî                              gulan, meha 5em

maymun                                        erebî ji yûnanî                             meymûn

meğer                                             îranî                                                 meger, eger na

mektup                                          erebî                                               name

melek                                             erebî ji îbranî                                melek, milyaket, firîşte

memleket                                     erebî                                               war, welat, memleket

menekşe                                       îranî                                                 binefş

merdivan                                       îranî (F: nerdevan)                     derece, pêpelûk; pêstirk

merhem/melhem                     îranî ji erebî ji yûnanî                melhem, merhem

mert                                                îranî                                                 mêr; camêr; xweşmêr

mey                                                 îranî                                                 mey, bade, şerab

meydan                                         erebî ji îranî                                  meydan

meyhane                                       îranî                                                 meyxane

meyve                                            îranî                                                 mêwe, meywe, fêkî

mıh                                                  îranî                                                 mîx, bizmar

mum                                               îranî                                                 mûm, find, şemal, çira

murder                                           îranî                                                 mirar, kelex

muz                                                 erebî ji sanskrîtî                          mûz

müjde                                             îranî                                                 mizgînî, mijde

mülk                                                erebî                                               milk

 

N

namaz                                             îranî                                                 nivêj, nimêj

nar                                                   îranî                                                 hinar

nargîle                                            îranî ji sanskrîtî                            nargile

naz, nazdar, nazenîn                 îranî                                                 naz, nazdar, nazenîn

ne … ne …                                      îranî                                                 ne … ne … (jî)

nehir                                               erebî                                               çem, robar (> kurdî nehal/newal)

nem                                                 îranî                                                 nêm, şilî, ritûbat

nergis                                              îranî ji yûnanî                               nêrgiz

nesrîn                                             îranî                                                 nesrîn (gulek, navekî jinan)

neşter                                             îranî                                                 nişter

nevruz                                            îranî                                                 nevroz, newroz

ney                                                  îranî                                                 ney

nilüfer                                             îranî ji sanskrîtî                            nîlûfer

nisan                                               E ji îbranî/Ar ji Ak ji Sûm          nîsan, meha 4em

nişan                                               îranî                                                 nîşan

 

O

oruç                                                 îranî                                                 rojî

 

P

paha                                                îranî                                                 biha, nirx, qîmet, fiyet

pamuk                                            îranî (P: pembuk)                       pembû

para                                                 îranî                                                 pare, pere

parça                                               îranî                                                 parçe, perçe

paşa                                                 îranî                                                 paşa

patlıcan                                          îranî ji sanskrîtî                            bacan(reşk)

pazar                                               îranî                                                 bazar; yekşem

peçe                                                îranî                                                 paçe, pate, pêçik, pêçek

pembe                                           îranî (K: pembû, F: penbe)     pembe, pembeyî, rengê pîvazî

pencere                                         îranî                                                 pencere

perde                                              îranî                                                 perde

peri                                                  îranî                                                 perî

perişand                                        îranî                                                 perîşan

perşembe                                     îranî                                                 pêncşem(b)

peşin                                               îranî                                                 pêşîn, pêşî

peygamber                                   îranî                                                 pêxember

peynir                                             îranî                                                 penîr, pênîr

pirinç                                               îranî ji sanskrîtî                            birinc

pişman                                           îranî                                                 peşîman, poşman

piyaz                                                îranî (F/S: piyaz)                          pîvaz

polat                                                îranî                                                 pola, pîla, polat

pul                                                    îranî ji yûnanî                               pûl

 

 

R

rehber                                            îranî                                                 rêber

rençber                                          îranî                                                 rêncber, rencber, kedkar

rende                                              îranî                                                 rende

renk                                                 îranî                                                 reng

rüzgâr                                             îranî (K: rojgar)                            ba, hewa

 

S

sabah                                              erebî                                               sibe, spêde, sihar, destpêka rojê

sahip                                               erebî                                               xwedî, xudan, xweyî

sahte                                               îranî                                                 sexte, saxte, qelp

salı                                                    erebî                                               sêşem(b)

sandalye                                        erebî ji latînî                                 kursî

sanki                                                îranî (F: san = wek kî=ku)        wek ku, heçku

saray                                               îranî                                                 seray, koşk, qesr

sarhoş                                             îranî                                                 serxweş

saz                                                    îranî                                                 saz (amûreke muzîkê)

sebze                                              îranî (F: sebz=şîn/hêşîn)          sebze, nebat, riwek

sepet                                              îranî (F: seped, sebed)             selik, zembîl, sepet

serbest                                           îranî                                                 serbest

sert                                                  îranî (F: serd=sar)                       req, hişk

sincap                                             îranî yan erebî (F/E: sincab)   sivore, sihorî, simorî

sipariş                                             îranî (K: spartin)                          sipariş

siyah                                                îranî (F: siyah, Z: siya)               reş

sofa                                                 inglîzî ji erebî ji aramî                qenepe, sofa

sütun                                              îranî                                                 stûn

süvari                                              îranî                                                 siwar, siwarî

 

Ş

şahin                                               îranî                                                 eylo, helo, şahîn, qertel

şair                                                   erebî                                               helbestvan, şair

şeftali                                              îranî (F: şeftalû)                          xox

şehir                                                îranî (F:şehr, S: şar, Z: şar = xelk)                      bajar

şeker                                               îranî ji sanskrîtî                            şekir

şiir                                                    erebî                                               helbest, şiir

şirin                                                  îranî                                                 şîrîn

şişe                                                  îranî ji Ar ji Ak ji misirya kevn şûşe

şubat                                               erebî ji îbrî ji akadî                      sibat, şibat, meha duyem

 

T

tabi                                                  erebî                                               helbet (tabî, teb’en)

taç                                                    erebî ji îranî                                  tac

tahra                                               îranî (F: dahrê, Z: dariye)         das

taht                                                  îranî                                                 text

tahta                                               îranî                                                 texte, dep, dar

tamam                                            erebî                                               temam

tane                                                 îranî (S: dane, F: danê)             lib, heb, dane, dene

tarçın                                               îranî (“dara çînî”)                        darçîn

tava                                                 îranî                                                 tavik, tawe

taze                                                 îranî                                                 taze, teze

tebeşir                                            îranî ji sanskrîtî                            tebeşîr

tekrar                                              erebî                                               dubare, tekrar

tembel                                           îranî                                                 tembel, tiral, arode, keslan

temel                                              yûnanî                                            bingeh

temiz                                               erebî                                               paqij, pak, bijûn

temmuz                                         E ji îbrî/Ar ji Ak ji Sûm               tîrmeh, temûz, meha 7em

teneke                                           îranî (ji “tenik”)                           teneke

terazi                                               îranî                                                 terazû, terazî

terk                                                  erebî                                               terk

terzi                                                 îranî                                                 derzî, terzî, xeyat, cildirû

teşekkür                                        erebî                                               spas; spasî

torba                                               îranî (F: tobrê)                                                          tûr, tûrik, torbe

traş                                                  îranî                                                 tiraşîn

turşu                                               îranî (ji tirş)                                   tirşî

tüfek                                               îranî                                                 tifek, tifeng

(Türk)iye                                        erebî                                               Tirkiye

 

 

Ü

ümit                                                 îranî                                                 hêvî, umêd

üstad/üstat                                  îranî                                                 hosta, hoste

 

V

vahşi                                                erebî ji îranî                                  wehşî; beyar, dêm

ve                                                     erebî                                               û, herwiha

ve-ya                                               erebî-îranî                                     yan jî

viran                                                îranî                                                 wêran

ya                                                     îranî                                                 yan, an, ya

yahut                                              îranî (F: ya=yan xûd=xwe)      yan jî

yard

 

Y

yabancı                                           îranî (F: biyaban / yaban = çol)                           biyanî

yabani                                             îranî (F: biyaban / yaban = çol)                           beyar, çolî, dêmî

yardım                                            îranî (F: yarî = harî=harîkarî=arîkarî = alîkarî) alîkar

 

Z

zaman                                             îranî/erebî                                     dem, zeman

zambak                                          erebî ji îranî                                  sosin, zembeq

zan(etmek)                                  erebî                                               texmîn kirin, bawer kirin

zehir                                                îranî                                                 jehr

zengin                                             îranî                                                 zengîn

zeytin                                              erebî                                               zeytûn

zincir                                                îranî                                                 zincîr

zindan                                             îranî                                                 zindan, hefs, girtîxane, girtîgeh

zinhar                                              îranî                                                 hewar, zînhar

ziraat                                               erebî                                               zîraet, çandin

zor                                                    îranî                                                 zor, zehmet

zurna                                               îranî                                                 zirna, zirne

 

Çavkanî: Zimannas

 

 

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